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Module 3 : Fabrication Process and Layout Design Rules Lecture 9 : Introduction to Fabrication Process
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In the previous module, we did a detailed study about the MOSFET. VLSI circuits are very complex circuits i.e we cannot make circuits by interconnecting few single MOSFET transistors. A VLSI circuit consists of millions to billions of transistors. For this purpose, we use Photolithography which is a method/technology to create the circuit patterns on a silicon wafer surface and the process is called Fabrication. In this lecture, we will study in detail photolithography, how it is done and what sort of materials are used for this purpose. 9.2 Photolithography Photolithography is the method that sets the surface dimensions (horizontal) of various parts of devices and circuits. Its goal is two fold. First goal is to create in and on the wafer surface a pattern whose dimensions are as close to the device requirements as possible. This is known as resolution of images on the wafer and the pattern dimensions are known as feature or image sizes of the circuit. Second goal is the correct placement called alignment or registration of the circuit patterns on the wafer. The entire circuit patterns must be correctly placed on the wafer surface because misaligned mask layers can cause the entire circuit to fail.
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Implementation of placement and routing algorithms for computer aided design of printed circuit boards
L M Patnaik
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Manju G
a, 2018
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Layout to Bitmap: A Printed Electronics EDA Tool Component
Francesc Vila Garcia
Printed electronics is an emerging concept in electronics manufacturing and it is in very early development stages. The design flow used is not very automated, for example, on ink-jet printing, the designer has to place manually the drops produced, or choose the spacing between drops. This work proposes changes to the design flow used in inkjet printed electronics in order to automatize the whole process, and presents a tool used to convert a geometric design directly to several bitmaps (which the printer can use and produce the circuit).
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PCB Design Process and Fabrication Challenges
Nikola Zlatanov
Virtually every electronic product is constructed with one or more printed-circuit boards (PCBs). The PCBs hold the ICs and other components and implement the interconnections between them. PCBs are created in abundance for portable electronics, computers, and entertainment equipment. They are also made for test equipment, manufacturing, and spacecraft. Eventually, almost every EE must design a PCB, which is not something that is taught in school. Yet engineers, technicians, and even novice PCB designers can create high-quality PCBs for any and every purpose with confidence that the outcome will meet or exceed the objective. Also, these designs can be completed on schedule and within budget while meeting the design requirements. Designers just need to mind the essential documentation, design steps and strategies, and final checks. The Basic Design Process The ideal PCB design starts with the discovery that a PCB is needed and continues through the final production boards (Fig. 1). After determining why the PCB is needed, the product's final concept should be decided. The concept includes the design's features, the functions the PCB must have and perform, interconnection with other circuits, placement, and the approximate final dimensions. Fig. 1. The ideal PCB design flow begins when designers recognize a need that must be fulfilled, and it does not end until testing verifies that the design can meet those needs.
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Layout workbook: a real-world guide to building pages in graphic design
mercy mwakyoma
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Chapter 1 Computer-Aided Design
Charalambos Marangos
2014
Computers have a prominent, often controlling role throughout the life cycle of engineering products and manufacturing processes. Their role is vital as global competitive pressures call for improvements in product performance and quality coupled with significant reductions in product design, development, and manufacturing timetables. Design engineers vastly improve their work productivity using computers. For example, performance of a product or process can be evaluated prior to fabricating a prototype using appropriate simulation software. Computer-aided design (CAD) uses the mathematical and graphic processing power of the computer to assist the engineer in the creation, modification, analysis, and display of designs. Many factors have contributed to CAD technology being a necessary tool in the engineering
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An algorithm for automated printed circuit board layout and routing evaluation
Todd H Hubing
1993 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2000
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PCB DESIGN USING LOCAL TECHNOLOGY AND AutoCAD
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